Epidemiology of Gram-positive and Gram-negative Pathogens in Brazil
An Integrative Review Based on BR-GLASS Data
Keywords:
Epidemiology, Antimicrobial Resistance, GLASS-BR.Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the most pressing public health issues today, contributing to increased hospital costs and high morbidity and mortality. This integrative literature review aimed to analyze the epidemiology of Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens in Brazil, using data from BR-GLASS and WHO reports. Using Health Sciences Descriptors (DeCS), 21 relevant articles were selected from databases such as PubMed, following PRISMA guidelines. A qualitative analysis revealed that, from 2018 to 2022, the most commonly isolated hospital pathogens in Brazil were Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus. A high prevalence of resistance genes—particularly blaKPC, blaNDM, and OXA-48—was found. The post-pandemic period showed a marked increase in carbapenemase detection and multidrug-resistant strains, including MRSA and VRE, underscoring the severity of AMR in the country.
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