GLP-1 Agonists and Oral Contraceptives
A Review of Tirzepatide and Other Incretin Mimetics
Keywords:
Tirzepatide, GLP-1, GIP, oral contraceptives, pharmacokinetics, drug interactionAbstract
This literature review evaluated the interference of GLP-1 receptor agonists, including tirzepatide, dulaglutide, liraglutide, semaglutide, and exenatide, on the pharmacokinetics of oral contraceptives. Tirzepatide, a dual GLP-1 and GIP agonist, promoted a significant reduction in the area under the curve (AUC) and maximum concentration (Cmax) of ethinyl estradiol and norgestimate, as well as delaying the time to reach maximum concentration (Tmax), indicating possible impairment of contraceptive efficacy and the need for backup methods during initiation and dose escalation. The other selective GLP-1 agonists did not show clinically relevant changes in the bioavailability of contraceptives, maintaining their safety and efficacy. The results highlight the importance of evaluating the pharmacological characteristics of incretin mimetics when prescribing combination therapies with oral contraceptives.
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