Uso de medicamentos no tratamento do transtorno do espectro autista em crianças
revisão narrativa
Palavras-chave:
Transtorno do Espectro Autista, Farmacoterapia, Medicamentos, CriançasResumo
Objetivo: identificar, na literatura científica, os principais medicamentos utilizados no tratamento de crianças com Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA). Métodos: revisão narrativa da literatura, de abordagem qualitativa e caráter descritivo-exploratório, realizada nas bases PubMed e SciELO, considerando publicações dos últimos cinco anos. Foram incluídos estudos em português ou inglês relacionados à farmacoterapia em crianças com TEA, contemplando uso, eficácia, segurança ou padrões de utilização de medicamentos. Resultados: foram identificados 595 registros e, após remoção de duplicatas, triagem e aplicação dos critérios de elegibilidade, 22 estudos compuseram a síntese final. A farmacoterapia mostrou-se direcionada principalmente ao manejo de sintomas associados e comorbidades. Risperidona e aripiprazol apresentaram evidências mais consistentes para irritabilidade, agressividade e comportamentos desafiadores; metilfenidato, atomoxetina e guanfacina foram identificados no manejo de sintomas relacionados ao TDAH; e a melatonina apresentou resultados favoráveis para distúrbios do sono. Terapias direcionadas aos sintomas centrais do TEA e estratégias emergentes apresentaram resultados heterogêneos ou evidências limitadas. Conclusão: não há tratamento farmacológico único para o TEA. A farmacoterapia deve ser individualizada e orientada pelo sintoma-alvo, comorbidades, resposta clínica e perfil de segurança dos medicamentos.
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